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Gas chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique used to separate the chemical components of a sample mixture and then detect them to determine their presence or absence and/or how much is present.

GC is a widely used technique across most industries: for quality control in the manufacture of many products from cars to chemicals to pharmaceuticals; for research purposes from the analysis of meteorites to natural products; and for safety from environmental to food to forensics. Gas chromatographs are frequently hyphenated to mass spectrometers (GC-MS) to enable the identification of the chemical components.

Measurement of uncertainty in chemical testing is an essential aspect of laboratory analysis that provides important information about the quality and reliability of test results. Uncertainty in chemical testing refers to the degree of doubt or lack of confidence associated with a measured value or result. It is affected by various factors such as the accuracy and precision of measurement equipment, the quality of reagents and samples, and the proficiency of laboratory personnel.